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Speciation rate
Leščinskij, Artem ; Storch, David (advisor) ; Macháč, Antonín (referee)
Speciation rate is a frequency at which an original species splits into two species per unit of time. Since this rate cannot be directly determined, it must be inferred from the fossil record or a reconstructed phylogeny using appropriate diversification model or nodes and branches of a phylogenetic tree. The homogeneous birth-death process is the basic method upon which other models, such as time-dependent or density-dependent models, are based. Non-model methods such as DR statistics, node-density metrics or inverstion length of terminal branches, are methods depend on reconstructed phylogenetic trees. More complex methods include MEDUSA, BAMM, CLaDS, MTBD, or trait-dependant models. Protracted-speciation models are biologically more plausible and describe speciation as a gradual process. These methods can detect more complex diversification regimes. Tip rate determines expected species-specific rate of speciation and is less dependent on the rates of extinction and diversification; rather, it corresponds to the rate of speciation. Model identifiability is a fundamental problem limiting the estimation of the speciation rate, but this limitation can be partially overcome by new techniques such as pulled rates. Keywords: speciation rate, phylogeny, diversification, evolution, model
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European Real Estate Investment Trusts: Analyzing Correlation with a DCC-GARCH Model
Jílek, Jiří ; Jandík, Tomáš (advisor) ; Vácha, Lukáš (referee)
Bibliographic Record JÍLEK, Jiří. European Real Estate Investment Trusts: Analyzing Correlation with a DCC- GARCH Model. Prague, 2012. 50 p. Master thesis (Mgr.) Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Social Sciences, Institute of Economic Studies. Supervisor: Tomáš Jandík MA MSc MRICS. Abstract The main goal of this thesis is to study the interdependencies between returns of European real estate investment trusts (REITs) and other investment asset classes such as European equities, government bonds and commodities. The thesis is divided into two parts: in the first part, we describe the necessary background that led to the emergence of first REIT structures and also provide an overview of the European REITs market. In the second part, we apply the Dynamic Conditional Correlation GARCH (DCC-GARCH) model to examine correlations between the above mentioned asset classes. The general understanding of real estate is that it provides diversification benefits to a diversified portfolio. However, our results suggest that returns of European REITs and stocks show a relatively high correlation and more importantly, the correlation increases in time. These findings have significant implications for investors and portfolio managers who seek protection for their portfolios in time of market downturns. Our results...
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Is it worth investing in Czech mutual funds?
Sedlačík, Adam ; Křehlík, Tomáš (advisor) ; Pištora, Vojtěch (referee)
In the Czech Republic many people do not invest. Therefore, we try to find out whether Czech mutual funds offer a good opportunity for investment on the Czech market in comparison with American funds. We use Sharpe ratio, Treynor index, Jensen's alpha and Modern portfolio theory to find this out. We conclude that Czech bond mutual funds are safe place to put your money in even though they provide small but almost certain returns. Czech stock funds perform worse than their American counterparts in terms of Sharpe ratio, Treynor index and Jesen's alpha. Applying modern portfolio theory proved to be beneficial in case of mutual funds in the Czech Republic. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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European Real Estate Investment Trusts: Analyzing Correlation with a DCC-GARCH Model
Jílek, Jiří ; Jandík, Tomáš (advisor) ; Vácha, Lukáš (referee)
Bibliographic Record JÍLEK, Jiří. European Real Estate Investment Trusts: Analyzing Correlation with a DCC- GARCH Model. Prague, 2012. 50 p. Master thesis (Mgr.) Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Social Sciences, Institute of Economic Studies. Supervisor: Tomáš Jandík MA MSc MRICS. Abstract The main goal of this thesis is to study the interdependencies between returns of European real estate investment trusts (REITs) and other investment asset classes such as European equities, government bonds and commodities. The thesis is divided into two parts: in the first part, we describe the necessary background that led to the emergence of first REIT structures and also provide an overview of the European REITs market. In the second part, we apply the Dynamic Conditional Correlation GARCH (DCC-GARCH) model to examine correlations between the above mentioned asset classes. The general understanding of real estate is that it provides diversification benefits to a diversified portfolio. However, our results suggest that returns of European REITs and stocks show a relatively high correlation and more importantly, the correlation increases in time. These findings have significant implications for investors and portfolio managers who seek protection for their portfolios in time of market downturns. Our results...
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Correlation Analysis of various Asset Classes
Urbanová, Sabína ; Brůna, Karel (advisor) ; Pour, Jiří (referee)
Bachelor thesis focuses on correlation analysis of various assets and construction of effective border and optimal portfolio. The thesis consists of four parts. First part describes main theories of portfolio selection and international investing. Second part is characterization of assets chosen for correlation analysis, concretely shares, bonds, gold, silver, crude oil, natural gas and property. In the third part I present correlation coefficients between assets. The last, forth, part is a practical application of correlation coefficients used for portfolio selection.
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Portfolio diversification
ŠÍP, Martin
The goal of this bachelor thesis is to show how the choice of stocks impacts the portfolio diversification in relation to risk and return. The risk was calculated as standard deviation and historical return rate was considered. The theoretical part explains basic terms related with portfolio diversification, Markowitz model, capital stock and most important factors that lead to the optimal portfolio creation such as return, risk and covariance. The practical part explains in detail, how to create an optimal portfolio. Ten companies from different sectors were randomly chosen for this bachelor thesis. These companies' shares are traded on the New York Stock Exchange. The covariance of these shares is lower than one. The next step was to calculate historical return rate and historical risk of portfolios. The highest value of historical return rate was 2.31 % and the lowest value of historical risk achieved 22.77 %. Subsequently, the efficient frontier was determined. The efficient frontier is the set of optimal portfolios that offers the highest expected return for a defined level of risk or the lowest risk for a given level of expected return. The lowest value of portfolio risk was 2.97 % with a return of 1.38 % and the highest value of portfolio risk was 4.03 % with a return of 2.13 %. The investor chooses the portfolio which maximizes his expected benefit.
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Application of the Money Management in Foreign Exchange Market Trading and Recognition of Such Trades in Accounting of Banks
Knytl, Jan ; Zelenka, Vladimír (advisor) ; Mandel, Martin (referee)
My diploma thesis discusses the power and importance of money management when trading foreign exchange market. With the help of real examples it aims to demonstrate the difficulty of the future foreign exchange rate estimation and the ambiguousness of the market analyses results. Comparing the results of real trading in the spirit of diversification to the actual results of Vince's model, the thesis points out whether the application of diversification is a real necessity or not. The thesis also highlights the impact of diversification on the trading system performance compared to Vince's model. The final part proposes a possible practical accounting solution to the foreign exchange speculative trades.
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